Exact(4)
Self-described "catastrophists," the three are among scientists who believe the evidence is good that the extinctions of dinosaurs and other life forms were caused by a periodic shower of comets or asteroids, and they are trying to determine "pulses" in the bombardment rate.
Experts who have analyzed the data are publishing it in the book, "Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids," say that the detection rate is probably low and that the actual bombardment rate might be 10 times higher, with 80 or so blasts occurring each year.
The concentration of the radioactive isotopes can be used to monitor the cosmic-ray bombardment rate, and the accumulation of the stable species (e.g., neon-21) measures the total time since this bombardment began i.e., the time since the meteoroid was excavated by collisions from an object that was large enough to shield it from cosmic rays.
Since the bombardment rate of dust particles of the Moon has not been measured precisely, any changes in the reflectance of lunar surface materials have not been evaluated quantitatively.
Similar(56)
"We're right on the edge of the abyss," Dr. Ward said, in terms of higher bombardment rates that have probably precluded the development of advanced life.
At the present rate of bombardment of eastern Aleppo, De Mistura said the city would be totally destroyed by December.
Already, the system has shown that the planet is being continually struck by large speeding rocks, and that the rate of bombardment is higher than previously thought.
The hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) technique is used in this experiment for deposition of the multilayer structure, as it provides better gas utilization, defect-free deposition from ion bombardment and moderate deposition rate in comparison with the plasma-enhanced CVD technique.
The actual rates of bombardment in somatic cells and in the chronological ageing of yeast are substantially higher, as several recent studies show [ 117, 118].
If the retention of DNA depends on the general rules governing genome size (whatever they may be), then regardless of the total amount, the proportional representation of noncoding DNA should reflect the rates of bombardment from different sources, whether organelles, endosymbionts, free-living bacteria, or other organisms.
The transformation rate by particle bombardment was calculated to be 1.4% while by Agrobacterium-mediated bombardment was much lower at 0.5%.
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