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Particular emphasis is put towards relaxation caused by the flange and bolt material creep.
The bolt is designed to fully use both the strength and the deformation capacity of the bolt material along the entire length.
Static pull tests and dynamic drop tests show that the bolt length elongates by 14 20% at a load level equal to the strength of the bolt material, thereby absorbing a large amount of energy.
Data for case analysis are collected from original tower design reports, the tower design code, construction records and documents, historical wind-speed data, structural tower analysis, and intact and fractured bolt material tests.
It was further demonstrated that the strength of blasting, the distance between the rock bolt and the blasting point and the Young's modulus of the rock mass and the bolt material are the most important factors having significant influences on the mechanical behaviour of GFRP bolts.
The type and number of threads on the bolt, the bolt material and the torque applied.
Similar(51)
Under high temperatures, the leak tightness of bolted joints is compromised due to the loss of the bolt load as a result of creep of not only the gasket and bolt materials but also the flange material.
In the FE analysis, instead of actual nonlinear, an approximate linear inelastic constitutive behavior of angles and bolts material is used.
These bolting materials have been widely used in Chinese coal mines.
Rock bolting materials had experienced a developing process from low strength, high strength, to extra high strength.
"Those choreographic sequences are like a bolt of material that can be cut, reassigned, turned around," he says.
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