Seven states had 25 or more bogus entities selling health benefits.
In some cases corporate crimes are conducted by bogus entities that pose as legal corporations or partnerships.
"These unauthorized or bogus entities covered at least 15,000 employers and more than 200,000 policyholders," Ms. Allen said.
Other people question how, in a family company, the younger Tanzis could not have had at least an inkling of the chicanery, which has extended for more than a decade and which prosecutors believe involved creating a web of offshore entities that contained bogus assets used to offset Parmalat's mushrooming debts.
Both defendants worked to create entities, fictitious trusts and bogus corporations to conceal the ownership and control of offshore hidden assets, the indictment said.
Offshore entities played key roles at Bayou Management, a Connecticut hedge fund that collapsed in scandal in 2005, as well as at Enron, which used nearly 900 offshore entities, mostly in the Cayman Islands, to conceal bogus trades and accounting fraud.
While the state version does not authorise a "nation to nation" relationship between the US federal government and a Native Hawaiian governing entity, the First Nation government legislation (like the federal version) is a bogus trap.
The Tenth Circuit held, first, that Hobby Lobby's owners were "persons" for RFRA's purposes, and that the government's bright-line distinction between non-profit and for-profit entities, with the latter excluded from RFRA's protections, is bogus.
Mr. Smith was charged with using a bogus shelter to evade taxes on $18 million in personal income through a sham Cayman Islands entity in 1998.
