Modified nucleosides, regarded as indicators for the whole-body turnover of RNAs, are excreted in abnormal amounts in the urine of patients with malignancies.
Urinary excretion of modified nucleosides by healthy adults is relatively low, but is an indication of the whole-body turnover of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) (Sander et al, 1986; Schöch et al, 1990a, 1990b; Topp et al, 1993).
The concentrations of modified nucleosides in urine, primarily degradation products of tRNA, have been regarded as potential indicators for the whole-body turnover of RNAs, suggesting them as possible markers for malignant diseases (Sander et al, 1986; Schöch et al, 1990a, 1990b; Nakano et al, 1993; Topp et al, 1993).
Whole body protein turnover is influenced by both diet and exercise.
Tissue in the living human body undergo turnover as part of the process of remodelling and replacement.
Rates of whole body protein turnover, oxidation, and synthesis remained invariant, with no changes in substrate oxidation or resting energy expenditure rates.
The current investigation examined the effect of variations in protein intake on Whole body protein turnover (WBPTO) at rest in endurance-trained males.
Whole body protein turnover (Ra, leucine rate of appearance; NOLD, nonoxidative leucine disposal; and Ox, leucine oxidation), nitrogen balance, and substrate oxidation were assessed at rest following each dietary intervention period.
And given that whole body Gln turnover is high in adults [26] and even higher in children [45], with complete renewal in <24 h [20], we could assume minimal or no carry-over after 1 month.
