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Recognition and tracking of different human body landmarks represent the basic features for the design of the next generation of human computer interfaces.
First, a set of distinguishable markers are placed on several human body landmarks, and the scene is captured by a number of calibrated and synchronized cameras.
In this field, despite markerless HMC systems have attained significant performance ratios in some scenarios [3], only HMC systems aided by markers placed on some body landmarks can produce high-accuracy results.
For each trial, nine body landmarks were digitized using the Optotrak probing accessory.
Fifteen homologous body landmarks were digitized in TPSDIG2.17 [ 76] from standardized pictures of 370 individuals (see Figure 4 for landmark description).
In 46,XX, the distances between the IG and posterior body landmarks was greater than those in 47,XXX suggesting a possible lengthening of the CC in controls.
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Figure 3 Body landmark points.
The stickers were kept in place for the trials in the corresponding elevation position to allow the examiner to quickly locate each body landmark.
Laser-displacement sensors can also offer interesting possibilities for kinematic measurements in order to compute joint angle measurements [ 96, 97] or to analyze the movements of a specific body landmark like a lumbar vertebra, whose movements can be incorporated into a procedure to estimate COM displacements [ 64].
When comparing the extreme positive and negative values of a warp with the consensus shape, variation in RelW2 RelW6 can largely be described as variation in dorsal-ventral body depth (landmarks 3, 4, and 11), caudal peduncle length and depth (landmarks 4 11), and head morphology (landmarks 1, 2, 11, 12, and 13).
When comparing the extreme positive and negative values for each relative warp with the consensus shape, much of the variation is captured as differences in (1) rear body length (landmarks 4, 5, 10, and 11); (2) caudal peduncle length and depth (landmarks 5 10); (3) dorsal-ventral body depth (landmarks 3, 4, 10, and 11); and (4) head and snout morphology (landmarks 1, 2, 12, and 13).
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