Skeletal structure and body composition are used to classify individuals into these three groups.
The body composition is used to describe the percentages of fat, bone and muscle.
Bio-impedance measurement of body composition was used auxiliary to DXA and to provide midway measurements.
However, BMI, a proxy measure of body composition, was used as a potential cofounder in the present study.
We also assessed body composition was using bioelectric impedance (RJL Systems, Clinton Twp, MI) and maximal isometric torque of subject's right leg using a dynamometer (Biodex System 3, Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY) as previously described by our group [42], [43].
BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), geometric properties and body composition were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometric measures were taken using standard techniques.
Measures of body composition were correlated using Pearson correlation.
Peripheral blood flow and body composition were assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography and DEXA scanning respectively.
Weight and body composition were measured using a bioimpedence scale (InBody 230, GBC BioMed NZ).
Weight, total, and regional body composition were determined using the bioimpedance technique (Inbody 230, Biospace, Seoul, Korea).
