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He clearly holds that mind, that is mental events, affects bodily events and conversely.
Many now hold that the system of physical or bodily events forms a causally closed system.
Nonetheless, mental events and bodily events are distinct sorts of events in the world of phenomena.
Separable though mental events and bodily events may be, there are regularities between them, and therefore causation between them.
Common sense tells us that they interact: thoughts and feelings are at least sometimes caused by bodily events and at least sometimes themselves give rise to bodily responses.
It should be noted, however, that Leibniz did think that there was a sense in which one could say that mental events influence bodily events, and vice-versa.
Similar(46)
For, according to Malebranche, God is the cause of every bodily event, including those which, together with the general laws, are supposed to determine any given consequent event.
God causes certain bodily states and events on the occasion of certain mental states and events, and vice-versa.
Atmosphere is powerfully created; we share the bodily realities of events that, through repetition, have become almost generic and so, abstract.
All that remains is the puzzle of how mind can affect body and the system of bodily or physical events remain causally closed, as required by the Conservation of Energy, but this puzzle too disappears: with parallelism, there is no puzzle.
However, action will only be taken if the perceived barriers to the behaviour are outweighed by the perceived benefits and if there are cues (e.g. bodily or environmental events) that trigger action.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com