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The thick and thin blood films prepared on glass slide at the time of blood sampling were stained with 10 % Giemsa and examined following standard protocols [ 28].
The thick and thin blood smears prepared on glass slides at the time of blood sampling were stained with Giemsa stain and examined following standard protocols [ 20].
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All blood samples were stained within 1 h after collection or were immediately stored at 4 °C, in accordance with the standardization recommendations for mHLA-DR measurement [18, 19].
For this purpose, whole blood samples were stained with PE-labelled HLA-A*0201 HLA-A*0201ompentameroImmune Ltd., Oxford, UK), folded around the HER-2/neu369–377-specomplexProImmune
Clinical specimens, except for blood samples, were stained with auramine-O-fluorochrome dye and examined microscopically for acid-fast bacilli (AFB).
In the first validation experiment 4 spots from 8 different patient blood samples were stained by IHC for AR expression and presented blindly to two different operators to both enumerate the CTC and score the staining intensity of each cell.
Following this, the red blood cells were lysed in 0.15 M NH4Cl solution and the blood samples were stained using FITC-conjugated anti-CD45.1, PE-conjugated anti-CD45.2, PerCP-conjugated anti-B220, APC-conjugated anti-CD3, PE/Cy7-conjugated Anti-Gr-1, and CD11b antibodies and were analyzed by an LSR II flow cytometer (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA), as illustrated in Figure 1.
All peripheral blood samples were stained for flow cytometric analysis using CYTO-STAT tetraCHROME monoclonal antibody, followed by analysis of total lymphocyte counts (TLC) and lymphocyte subset counts of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD56+ with a Cytomics FC500 Flow Cytometry System (Beckman Coulter, Inc., Miami, FL, USA) with a 488 NM argon laser.
Furthermore, to characterize T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 positive (Tim-3+) or CD38+ T cells, blood samples were stained with the following antibodies: Pcy5-conjugated anti-CD3, FITC-conjugated anti-CD4, FITC-conjugated anti-CD8, PE-conjugated anti-Tim-3 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) or PE-conjugated anti-CD38 (Beckman Coulter).
To determine these phenotypes, clinical whole blood samples were stained with the following Mab conjugates: CD3 Cascade Blue, CD4 Cy5.5 Phycoerythrin (PE), CD8 Texas Red PE, CD11a Cy7 allophycocyanin (APC), CD14 CD25E, CD25 PE, CD45RA CD45RO CD62LO Cy5.5APC, CD62L fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), CD56 APC, and CCR7 PE.
All non-blood samples were stained with Gram, Ziehl Neelsen and auramine and cultured onto blood and chocolate agar media, MacConkey agar, Brucella agar Lowenstein Jensen and/or Middlebrook medium (BACTEC MGIT 960, Becton Dickinson, Diagnostic Systems, Spark, MD).
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