DNA was isolated from blood samples using a salting-out method (after Lahiri and Schnabel, 1993).
Total genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples using the phenol/chloroform method9.
We determined HbA1c from mouse blood samples using the A1CNow + kit from PTS Diagnostics (Indianapolis, IN).
Leukocytes were depleted from the blood samples using CF11 cellulose powder filtration columns, and the erythrocytes were frozen at −20 °C.
Then, 100 ng of total RNA was used to quantify expression levels of miRNAs from animal blood samples using a probe-based miRNA expression assay (NanoString Technologies, USA).
Serum IGF-1 levels were estimated from blood samples using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method.
DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples using standard methods.
Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood samples using standard techniques.
DNA was extracted from blood samples using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA).
DNA was isolated from blood samples using routine DNA isolation sets (Qiagen).
We handled, centrifuged, and stored blood samples using established protocols [28].
