Mice were anesthetized using isoflurane and blocking needles placed into the primary tumors using micromanipulators (MN-151; Narishige, East Meadow, NY, USA).
Hamilton 33 gauge needles were loaded with a mixture of EDTA, 10% matrigel and CXCL12 dissolved in L15-0.35% BSA, and these experimental needles used in place of the blocking needles after the animal was appropriately setup.
A 22-G Tuohy block needle (ND) was advanced directly towards the TA.
A 22-G Tuohy block needle (Unilever, Unisys, Saitama, Japan) was advanced directly towards the TAP.
On the next day, fluoroscopy-guided ILEBP was performed by infusing 12 mL of a 4 1 mixture of blood and contrast medium (iohexol 240 mg/mL) at the T2/T3 level with a 22G nerve block needle (sharp needle, Hakko).
Our findings suggest that misplacement of the block needle by inaccurate alignment of both sides of the cervical articular pillar, assessed by fluoroscopic view during the procedure, can result in dural injury.
A 22-gauge block needle (Stimuplex Ultra, B-Braun Medical Inc., Melsungen, Germany) was inserted at the cephalad edge of the probe and advanced in-plane until the serratus plane.
A 50-mm, 21-gauge insulated block needle (HDC® Corporation, Milpitas, CA) was positioned at the outer (lateral) edge of the probe and advanced along the long axis using a needle-in-plane approach.
After sterile preparation and draping, the nerve blocks were administered using a 21-gauge, 100 mm nerve block needle (Stimuplex A®, B Braun Melsungen AG, Tochigi-ken, Japan) under nerve stimulator guidance.
An 18 G Touhy Nerve block needle (Braun CONTIPLEX, Melsungen, Germany) was then introduced under ultrasound and nerve stimulator guidance (placement determined by adequate motor response of patellar twitch 0.6 mA) directly distal to the inguinal ligament.
