Another critic wrote in 1994 of a "France suffering from a more profound sickness" than anybody then imagined: a "heavy and inert" state machinery that, if unreformed, would "block the evolution of society".
Such costs generally impede or, if the costs are sufficiently high, block the evolution of resistance.
If the microsporidian can indeed block the evolution of resistance, it will infect almost exclusively sensitive mosquitoes.
Discovering a way to block the evolution of insecticide resistance would be a major breakthrough for public health.
Finding a way to block the evolution insecticide resistance would be a major breakthrough for the control of malaria.
At high effective coverage, it is not possible to block the evolution of resistance unless the restoration of sensitivity is complete (β = 1, dotted line).
As the extent to which sensitivity is restored decreases, the effect of the biopesticide required to block the evolution of resistance increases.
In conclusion, we suggest that manipulating the environment in a way that restores sensitivity to insecticides and increases the cost of resistance may help to manage the problem of insecticide resistance, and indeed may block the evolution of resistance.
Figure 2A describes a situation where all of the mosquitoes are infected and shows the increased cost of resistance necessary to block the evolution of resistance (i.e., to reduce the longevity of resistant mosquitoes below that of sensitive ones).
Overall, thus, even in areas where most houses are treated with insecticides, their effective coverage appears to be fairly low, enabling the possibility to block the evolution of insecticide resistance with a biopesticide.
