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The same number of symbols Q = 2 is employed for CFO estimation in all schemes although both schemes in[18, 19] are truly blind schemes and do not require knowledge of the training symbols.
Data-aided schemes use specially designed training symbols[12, 16, 17] or pilot sub-carriers[15] to perform CFO estimation while blind schemes use null sub-carriers[9, 13], the inherent structure of the transmitted symbol[18, 19, 21, 22] or its statistical characteristics[10].
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As a result, it cannot be consider as a blind scheme.
In addition to that, the scheme is considered as a completely blind scheme for both host image and watermark.
In [11], a blind scheme has been considered for synchronization in single-user FMT that exploits the redundancy of the oversampled FB.
To the best of our knowledge, our algorithm is the first semi-fragile and blind scheme that can authenticate and verify the topology of CAPD models.
Based on the DSM described in Section 2, we adopt Bayesian inference and PF methodology to derive a blind scheme for MAP data detection that operates sequentially and recursively.
Moreover, the proposed scheme is easier than the existing partially blind signature schemes in the blinding procedure.
In other words, the proposed scheme is a blind watermarking scheme.
Notice that our scheme is a blind watermarking scheme, no reference images are needed at the detector.
In [13, 14], efficient blind compensation schemes for frequency selective receiver IQ Imbalance have been developed.
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