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For example, Youngsteadt et al. [14] identified a blend of volatile compounds from P. macrostachya seeds that attracted C. femoratus, and chromatographic fractions of P. macrostachya extract that elicited seed-carrying behavior.
Upon herbivore damage, plants typically emit a large, diverse blend of volatile compounds that have been shown to have importance in direct defense against herbivores and the attraction of herbivore enemies.
In a previous study, we showed that T. viridana avoided T-oaks, which may have occurred because their blend of volatile organic compounds contained a higher ratio of sesquiterpenes and higher emission rates of α-farnesene and germacrene D [ 29].
The blend of volatile chemicals derived from common cutworm -infested tomato plants contains only one volatile alcohol, namely (Z -3-hexenol, and this would explain why (Z -3-hexenol vicianoside was the only glycosylated compound detected in the plants exposed to this particular blend of volatiles.
This enzyme, TPS8, is constitutively expressed in nearly all plant organs and seems to be involved in pathogen defense (Fontana A, Köllner TG, Schnee S, Reichelt M, Rosenberger D, Luck K, Gershenzon J, Degenhardt J: A complex blend of volatile sesquiterpenes produced by maize terpene synthase 8 (TPS8) is active against a necrotrophic fungus in planta.
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C. marginiventris showed a clear preference for S. littoralis-induced blend of volatiles, suggesting that the parasitoid can readily distinguish between the odors induced by the two herbivores.
Importantly, the blend of volatiles can vary according to plant species, plant cultivar and the developmental stage of the plant, and this blend can alter the behavioural response of some natural enemies (Takabayashi and Dicke 1996).
Maize leaves damaged by lepidopteran larvae emit a complex blend of volatiles that can be utilized by parasitoids of the herbivore to locate their potential hosts on the infested plant [ 5].
These odours are blends of volatile secondary compounds, including terpenes, derivatives of fatty acids, and aromatic phenolic compounds.
Throughout their life cycles, plants release diverse blends of volatile compounds that play crucial roles in pollinator attraction, defense and communication.
Plants release specific blends of volatile chemicals in response to insect herbivory, thereby attracting the herbivore's enemies [1] [3].
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