The adjusted risk of bleeding was comparable to VKA in VKA naive patients but increased among previous VKA users prescribed dabigatran 110 mg.
Despite fewer endoscopic options due to availability, the effectiveness of endoscopic therapy in ulcer bleeding was comparable to a previous report [ 42].
In these trials the risk of major bleeding was comparable to or superior to warfarin.
Among patients without atrial fibrillation (supplemental figure A5 in appendix) aged 76 years and older, dabigatran related gastrointestinal bleeding was comparable to warfarin related gastrointestinal bleeding (dabigatran: hazard ratio 1.56, 0.42 to 5.80; warfarin: 2.73, 0.83 to 8.94).
The incidence of moderate periprocedural bleeding was comparable between the two groups (n = 43 (9.75%) vs. n = 41 (7.3%), P = NS).
Major bleeding was comparable and minor bleedings (0.75 vs. 5.67%) were nominally less frequent.
While the incidences of cholangitis, bile leakage and biliary bleeding were comparable between the two groups, the restenosis occurred more frequently in HJ group than in HJPBD group (12.07% versus 1.85%), Table 3.
18, 19 Although hemorrhagic risk was comparable in low-intensity and conventional-intensity regimen groups in the study by Kearon et al 18 the bleeding rates in this study were extremely low in both groups (and different from the usual bleeding rates mentioned in other studies) and probably not representative of real clinical practice.
Postoperative bleeding was observed in 6 of the 210 patients (2.9%) in the endoscopy group and 5 of the 237 patients (2.1%) in the non-endoscopy group, the difference not being statistically significant; i.e., the postoperative bleeding rates were comparable in the two groups.
Postsurgical bleeding was determined in both groups according to the WHO bleeding criteria: (grade 0) no bleeding, (grade 1) bleeding under the skin and petechial class, (grade 2) mild bleeding, (grade 3) gross bleeding, and (grade 4) mortal bleeding or annoying bleeding [33].
