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Cutaneous ulcers were defined as fingertip ulcers or other ulcers and registered as present at enrollment or past ulcers.
Management of bleeding ulcers is usually unsatisfactory with conventional treatments.
Endoscopic evaluation of the bleeding lesion in the case of peptic ulcer was defined according to the Forrest classification system as follows: FI (FIa and FIb), FII (FIIa, FIIb and FIIc), and FIII [ 14].
From January 2007 to April 2011, adult patients with high-risk bleeding ulcers were included.
Serious NSAID ulcer complications were defined as ulcerations of the stomach or proximal duodenum causing perforation, obstruction or bleeding that occurred during the use of NSAIDs, necessitating hospitalisation of the patient.
Other major bleeding was defined as severe bleeding other than intracranial bleeding.
Realize that surgery to treat a bleeding ulcer is usually an in-patient procedure, but outpatient endoscopy can be performed on less severe bleeding ulcers.
The following conditions were defined as gastroduodenal lesions on endoscopy: gastric and/or duodenal ulcer, and gastric and/or duodenal erosions (with or without bleeding).
Minor bleeding was defined as bleeding that did not fulfill the criteria for major bleeding.
As described in recent work [ 1], ANVUGIB events were defined from a group of ICD-9 diagnostic codes, which specify the identified cause of the bleeding, such as gastroesophageal laceration-hemorrhage (530.7) or gastric ulcer with hemorrhage (531.0).
Major bleeding was defined as any bleeding requiring blood transfusion.
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