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If fewer than 3 days' values were available within 7 days (for either stool frequency or rectal bleeding), patients were defined as non-responders.
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In the more recent study, high-risk patients were defined as Child-Pugh class B patients with persistent bleeding at the time of EGD or Child-Pugh class C patients [76].
In the more recent study, high-risk patients were defined as Child-Pugh class B patients with persistent bleeding at the time of EGD or Child-Pugh class C patients [ 76].
"Medical patients" were defined as those were admitted from non-trauma causes with no surgical indication, except surgery for stroke, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and primary spontaneous pneumothorax.
Refractory patients are defined as those who failed standard-dose steroids and splenectomy, requiring further treatment due to unsafe platelet counts (<30 × 10/l) or clinical bleeding.
Major bleeding events and clinically relevant non-major bleeding events were defined according to accepted guidelines.
Bleeding events were defined according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium BARCcriteriariasas minor (BARC 2) and major (BARC 3a, 3b, 3c and 5) bleeding events; however, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG -related bleeding was exCABG -relatede online tableeding
We classified cases into upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding; upper bleeding was defined as bleeding originating from the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum; lower bleeding was defined as bleeding arising from the colon or rectum.
Major and minor bleeding were defined as per the TIMI bleeding criteria.
Poor control of bleeding during ESD was defined as bleeding that required multiple coagulation sessions (≥10 sessions) [ 14].
Other major bleeding was defined as severe bleeding other than intracranial bleeding.
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