Periodontal assessment (probing depth, bleeding index, plaque index) was performed 1, 3, 6, 12, months after implant insertion.
Plaque index (PI) and bleeding index (BI) scores were recorded at baseline, and at 2 and 4 weeks.
Tooth plaque index, bracket plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding index were recorded at baseline and after 4 weeks of usage.
(modified) bleeding index.
Plaque and gingival bleeding Index scores are expressed as percentages of the total number of tooth surfaces examined.
Evaluated parameters were plaque index (mAPI), bleeding index (mSBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), width of KM, and radiographic vertical bone level.
The BOP measurements were made on four surfaces (mesial, distal, buccal/vestibular, and lingual/palatal) using the modified sulcus bleeding index by Lange et al. [20].
Considering plaque index (mAPI), bleeding index (mSBI), and BOP implants with NKM showed significantly more plaque accumulation and bleeding than implants with KM (see Table 5).
The distribution of biofilm is significantly related to the distribution of gingivitis, and the greater the accumulation of biofilm, the higher the gingival bleeding index [9, 11].
GBI → gingival bleeding index.
PBI: Papillary bleeding index.
