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The classical clinical sign of bladder rupture is a pear-shaped abdomen (Fig. 4) attributable to accumulation of urine in the peritoneal cavity (Fig. 5).
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Although fluid collection from a suspected bladder rupture is most commonly seen collecting posterior to the bladder in a supine patient, anterior collection of fluid has also been reported [10], so the EP should always evaluate both vesicular areas.
Spontaneous atraumatic bladder rupture is relatively uncommon, but can occur in the context of a recent alcohol binge.
Additional research on the sensitivity and specificity of such ultrasound findings for bladder rupture is needed.
Bladder rupture is rarely caused by compression of the urethra by tumours, abscesses or haematomas [ 3].
In male cattle, bladder rupture is usually secondary to obstruction of urinary outflow [ 4], the most common cause of which is urolith-induced urethral obstruction [ 5].
The rapid improvement in demeanour and appetite and normalisation of serum biochemical values after surgical repair of urachal or bladder rupture is impressive in cattle.
In cows, uroperitoneum due to urinary bladder rupture is most often associated with dystocia [ 1, 2, 11], but may also be the result of a breeding injury, traumatic catheterisation, accidental introduction of an insemination pipette into the urinary bladder or sadism [ 3].
In view of these findings, a bladder rupture was suspected and confirmed by cystoscopy.
A urologist was consulted and the urinary bladder rupture was repaired by laparoscopy.
Based on all the findings, a diagnosis of uroperitoneum caused by urinary bladder rupture was made.
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