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This method has been adopted from the therapy of renal or bladder calculi.
After controlling for age at injury, gender, level and completeness of SCI, history of bladder calculi, and smoking, those using solely IDC had a significantly greater risk of bladder cancer (relative risk [RR] = 4.9; 95% CI, 1.3 13.8) than those using nonindwelling methods.
Prolonged cell proliferation in response to irritation by bladder calculi can evoke malignant transformation of the urothelium.
Our data suggest that overexpression of ANNA1 is involved in bladder carcinogenesis induced by bladder calculi and that translocation of the protein may be partly responsible for the effect.
Sometimes referred to as urinary tract stones or bladder calculi, they primarily affect men as 95% of all bladder stones cases are found in men.
Bladder calculi were submitted to a commercial laboratory (Louis C. Herring and Co., Orlando, FL) and analyzed by integrated crystallography.
Similar(47)
Bladder and renal calculi after bladder augmentation are thought to be primarily infectious, yet few studies have reported stone composition.
Organic causes include feline urologic syndrome (urinary bladder inflammation and calculi, or stones, in the urinary tract), blocked or impacted anal glands, and constipation.
An ultrasound revealed a thick walled gall bladder with multiple calculi and a normal common bile duct (CBD) and portal vein.
Pellets implanted directly into the rodent bladder lumen or calculi formed in the urine as a result of an administered chemical cause abrasion of the urothelium, and a marked increase in cell proliferation and cell number, and ultimately tumors.
Specific examples are discussed, including PPAR-〈 and liver tumors, 〈2u-globulin nephropathy, chronic progressive nephropathy, and urinary tract calculi and bladder tumors.
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