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Nonparametric bivariate statistics were used for testing of the association between variables.
Bivariate statistics were used to compare healthcare resource utilization between the baseline and follow-up periods (intra-cohort comparison).
For aim 2, similar bivariate statistics were used when comparing the baseline characteristics of the IFN β-treated versus contemporary and historical untreated cohorts, along with the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test for ordinal variables.
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Bivariate descriptive statistics were used to test for statistically significant differences in all study variables between patients who did and did not experience HEs during the evaluation period.
Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics were used to describe the data.
The codes and specific criteria used to measure the covariates are described in Appendix B. Bivariate descriptive summary statistics were used to display the study outcomes, stratified by index anti-VEGF (aflibercept or ranibizumab).
Bivariate analyses (χ statistics) were used to compare suicides by missing persons with 'non-missing' suicides in socio-demographic, medical and psychiatric variables, past suicidality and life events preceding death, as well as distribution of suicide methods and locations where bodies were found.
Cross-tabulation and chi-square statistics were used to assess bivariate relationships.
Fisher exact test (when the data were sparse) and χ statistics were used for the bivariate comparisons.
Cross-tabulation analyses and chi-square statistics were used to assess bivariate relationships between oral health-related behavior and sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, educational level, and place of origin).
Statistics were used by sedimentologists and paleontologists to describe populations with some univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics used by a few avant garde workers.
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