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Next, the association between variables identified in the bivariate analysis and the outcome of interest were explored by multivariable logistic regression analysis in order to control for confounders.
The bivariate analysis and the logistic regression were carried out considering only the women who had at sometime been pregnant, because only this group of women, and not all women, had the possibility of having had an IA.
On the basis of clinical review of candidate variables, bivariate analysis, and the stepwise GLM procedure, we identified 31 variables (2 demographic and 29 clinical) for the final model.
Age and gender were kept as sociodemographic variables in the multivariate analysis, regardless of statistical significance in bivariate analysis, and the dependent variables (costs) were log 10 transformed.
Specific tasks on the farm were adjusted for number of working hours in a bivariate analysis and the estimates obtained were not statistically significant.
We used the Mantel-Haenszel test for bivariate analysis and the Wald test in the logistic regression model retaining variables with a p value of ≤ 0.1.
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For the construction of the model, the starting point will be the saturated model, introducing all those variables with a significance p<0.20 in the bivariate analysis and those which are considered to influence the model.
A binary logistic General Estimating Equation model was constructed from the variables that were significant in the bivariate analysis and these non-significant variables that were deemed important or potential confounders on a priori grounds [ 28].
Fourteen variables were found to have p-values < 0.10 in the initial bivariate analysis, and these variables were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis.
Considering the statistical significance found in the bivariate analysis, and with the objective of selecting variables predictive of infection, a multivariate analysis was performed.
For each model, we adjusted only for conceptually relevant covariates that were 1) related to the outcome in bivariate analysis, and 2) changed the outcome of the model by more than 10% when added in forward stepwise regression.
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