As such, without prior reduction in the heavy crude oil and bitumen viscosity, transportation via pipeline is difficult.
High viscosity at reservoir conditions is a major setback to heavy crude oil and bitumen recovery and transportation via pipelines.
The dilution of heavy crude oil and bitumen to enhance transportation by pipelines requires two pipelines, one for the oil and another for the diluents.
Furthermore, efficient transportation of bitumen (e.g. by pipeline) can also be difficult unless the viscosity of the oil is first reduced (Kariznovi et al. 2013).
In this study, different technologies are reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology are highlighted with the view that the review will provide direction for improvement and development of novel technologies for bitumen and heavy oil transportation via pipelines.
Details such as home architecture (particular arched reed buildings), food gathering (grazing water buffalos, trapping birds and spearing fish, rice cultivation), and means of transportation (slender bitumen-covered wooden boats, called "Tarada") are documented as still being practiced by the indigenous population locally named "Ma'dan" or "Marsh Arabs" [ 10, 11].
As new details from the Green-NDP deal emerged which included a pledge to "immediately employ every tool available" to "stop the expansion of the Kinder Morgan pipeline, the seven-fold increase in tanker traffic on our coast, and the transportation of raw bitumen through our province"—activists like Harwood were pondering what to do next.
The impetus for the controversial pipeline has been to provide transportation for the thick bitumen produced in Alberta to the Gulf Coast.
In water-lubricated pipeline transportation of heavy oil and bitumen, a thin oil film typically coats the pipe wall.
In this review paper, the technologies used to enhance the transportation of heavy crude oil and bitumen through pipelines was explored.
