The proportion of RAP in the recycled mixture is 40% and bitumen 160/220 penetration grade is used as virgin binder.
Specimens of continuous (AC16S) and gap-graded (BBTM11B) mixtures with 50/70 penetration bitumen were produced.
The results showed that these materials increased the softening point and complex modulus (G∗) of bitumen, and reduced penetration, ductility and phase angle of bitumen.
Three types of bitumen, with increasing penetration grades were selected in order to evaluate their foaming properties, namely their expansion ratio and half-life, as well as the foam index assessed using the foam decay curves obtained through a semi-automated process.
The objective of the study presented in this paper is to evaluate cracking resistance of recycled mixes manufactured by three types of processes, i.e., cold with emulsion, hot with high penetration bitumens and hot with emulsion (half-warm mixture), using 100% of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) at different temperatures.
This work describes the results obtained after the preparation of multicomponent polymer-bitumen blends (MC) based on an 80/100 penetration grade bitumen with varying amounts of (i) Polyethylene wax (PW); (ii) Styrene Butadiene Styrene copolymer (SBS); and (iii) crumb rubber (CR).
Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of water infiltration on a 60/70 penetration grade bitumen vis-a-vis bitumen modified with 2 and 4% nano-clay.
The focus was on the mix design of high performing mixtures making use of average quality aggregate and average penetration grade bitumen (as locally available) instead of the usually required high quality components, manly very hard bitumen, thus aiming to improve the reference mixture as made possible by suitable polymers.
The LSV proposed test protocol, which essentially consists of measuring complex viscosity using dynamic oscillatory loading at a pre-determined equi-viscous temperature, was found to be suitable for characterising the creep performance of two penetration grade bitumens, whereas for an SBS modified bitumen used in this investigation, the protocol was shown to be entirely inadequate.
