Sentence examples for bitumen base from inspiring English sources

The ash-weight, penetration grade, softening point, stretch, viscosity, and weight loss, were the technical characteristics of bitumen determined according to standard American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods (Table 1; bitumen base 60 70).

Table 1 General results of bitumen base 60 70 Sample number ASTM Test method Property Results Minimum Maximum ASTM 1 232 – D 92 Temperature of combustion 326 2 – – D 70 Special weight 1.016 3 60 70 D 5 Degree of influence 63 4 49 56 D 36 Softening point 50 5 100 – D 113 Hoist 115 6 – – D 2170 Kndrvany 244 7 – 0.8 D 1754 Weight loss 0 ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials.

This extends recent work undertaken by the authors for torsional modes, and also provides an independent investigation into the validity of those values proposed by the authors for the shear properties of bitumen, based on a comparison between prediction and experiment for torsional modes.

The results of time sweep test suggested increased fatigue life of the modified bitumens compared to base bitumen.

DSR test results for rutting showed that addition of EVA and gilsonite increase the rutting parameter (G∗/Sin of the modified bitumens relative to the base bitumen.

The results show that the influence of PPA on chemical composition, physical properties and morphology of bitumens depends on the base bitumen.

Compared with base bitumen, the bitumen containing tourmaline powder exhibit higher rutting factor, indicating that the rutting resistance of bitumen at high temperature was improved by tourmaline, for the rigidity of bitumen was enhanced by tourmaline.

Moreover, the addition of 2% and 4% EVA increase the m-value of modified bitumens relative to the original base bitumen.

DSR test results for rutting showed that addition of EVA increase the rutting parameter (G∗/Sin of the modified bitumens relative to the original base bitumen.

DSR fatigue test results showed that addition of EVA decreases the fatigue parameter (G∗Sin of modified bitumens. BBR test results showed that addition of EVA decreases the creep stiffness (S-value) of modified bitumens relative to the original base bitumen.

Base bitumen emulsion (BBE) and two maltene based cationic emulsions were applied on the cracks of fractured semi-circular samples of the asphalt mortar and mixtures to promote healing.