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Exact(5)
Let us consider a message m of M bits to be embedded in an HDR image.
First, the number of bits to be embedded in a certain coefficient is adaptive.
If the number of bits to be embedded is bigger than the number of 8 (times ) 8 blocks, we cannot embed each bit into each block.
It is worth mentioning that the number of bits that an image can carry is image dependent (i.e., it depends on the ridges area meaning that a larger area allows more bits to be embedded and vice versa).
where is the variable that denotes the number of coefficients to be modified, is the target number of bits to be embedded, is the cost function as described in (9), and is any selection of DCT coefficients for embedding the data.
Similar(55)
Let further w is the binary bit to be embedded.
Given that the bit to be embedded is, one index in the subblock will be chosen to change the value by if.
In case, the bit to be embedded is "0", the embedded process is reversed, i.e., the coefficients in the odd descriptions are minimized and the ones in the even descriptions are enlarged.
The latter algorithm, also known as ±1 embedding (see [1-3]), randomly increments or decrements a pixel or discrete cosine transformation (DCT) coefficient value to match the secret bit to be embedded when necessary.
If the bit to be embedded is "1", the coefficients in the odd description of the selected blocks will be enlarged while the coefficients in the even description of the corresponding block will be minimized.
Differently from [7], a multi-bit mark is blindly embedded into an image by associating each bit to a specific 8×8 luminance block and by manipulating two of its middle-frequency discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients to make their difference dependent on the bit to be embedded.
More suggestions(17)
bits to be described
bits to be slipped
bits to be fed
bits to be saved
bits to be used
bits to be sent
bits to be erased
bits to be replaced
bits to be stored
bits to be transferred
bits to be selected
bits to be sliced
bits to be removed
bits to be delivered
bits to be reshaped
bits to be shunted
bits to be decoded
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com