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Exact(9)
Calculating the entropy for this distribution gives 4.08 bits per character.
In practice, most text files compress by about 50 percent that is, to approximately 4 bits per character.
A four-letter alphabet (a, e, r, t) would require two bits per character if all characters were equally probable.
Assuming an average of 5 characters per word and roughly 2 bits per character yields the aforementioned rate of 50 bits per second.
Because normally 8 bits per character are used in the most common coding standard, Shannon's theory shows that there exists an encoding that is roughly twice as efficient as the normal one for this simplified message alphabet.
Here's his math, from a news release, converted to dollars from British pounds: "The maximum size for a text message is 160 characters, which takes 140 bytes because there are only 7 bits per character in the text messaging system, and we assume the average price for a text message is [about 10 cents].
Similar(51)
He considered longer sequences and concluded that the entropy of English is approximately one bit per character.
Compared to earlier approaches, not only is our strategy very efficient while supporting runtime updates but it also results in impressive area savings; it utilizes just 0.052 logic cells for processing and 17.77 bits for storage per character in the current SNORT database of 6455 patterns.
Roman languages such as English, French or German need only one byte (ie, eight "bits" of data) to define a letter of the alphabet, whereas Japanese and Chinese scripts need two bytes per character.
For example, the sequential output per character speeds are different from the sequential input per characters speeds.
Think about it: that's more than $1 million per character.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com