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The algorithm uses the Slantlet transform matrix to transform small blocks of the original image and hides the watermark bits by modifying the mean values of the carrier sub-bands.
Thabit et al. [24] presented a novel robust reversible watermarking scheme based on the Slantlet transform matrix to transform small blocks of the original image and hid the watermark bits by modifying the mean values of the carrier sub-bands.
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The proposed improvements to the frame layer rate control of H.264/AVC are improved bit allocation by modifying the target bit using the frame complexity measure, enhancement of the existing MAD complexity measure, a new header bits model and adjustment of QP with FMO considerations.
A host audio signal is first divided into consecutive MCLT frames, and the data bits are embedded by modifying the MCLT coefficients.
The secret message M is embedded in the randomly permuted S using edge map e by modifying the least two bits of pixel Sx,y to the corresponding two consecutive message bits Mindex+1 and Mindex.
In the proposed strategy, one watermark bit w(i) can be embedded by modifying the relationships among A, B and the embedding strength S, as shown in Equation 5: (5).
As a consequence, many steganographic techniques have been designed for JPEG, most of them embedding the message in DCT domain by modifying the least significant bits (LSBs) of the quantized DCT coefficients.
(D.4) res is the sequence obtained by modifying the first nonzero bit of to zero.
res is the sequence obtained by modifying the first nonzero bit of to zero. is the minimum sequence among sequences in and having the first symbol one at position.
Hence if the attacker wants to tamper the image he or she should maintain the pattern by modifying the image such that it gives the same bits at these bit positions for the three images.
Secondly, the 16-bit Barker code is chosen as synchronization mark and embedded into the digital audio by modifying the statistics average value of several samples.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com