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As discussed earlier, the watermark bits are embedded in specific frequency sub-bands of the DWPT.
Therefore, the watermark bits are embedded in the corresponding sub-block, as shown in Table 1.
The algorithm combines the approach in [45] (where bits are embedded in the image) with the 2D chirp-based methods.
The watermark bits are embedded in the singular values' vector of blocks within low frequency sub-band in host image hybrid DWT-DCT domain.
Secret bits are randomly generated and embedded on region X of size (504 times 504) represented by EC, while extra bits are embedded in region Y.
} end{aligned} (10 Step 5. We use n-bit planes to substitute in cover image to transformed CDMBP, and the extra bits are embedded in region Y. Eventually the stego image (I^) is generated.
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A total of 910 watermark bits were embedded in the Lena test image by using DCT.
For the sake of a fair comparison, the watermark bits were embedded in the second-level approximation subband using an identical payload capacity of 200 bps for all three methods.
In the first part, bits are embedded into each valid coefficient, and in the second part, bits are embedded (shown in Figure 1).
In Fig. 2a, the original samples (unshadowed) are used to predict the cross set, and then watermark bits are embedded into the cross set in Step 1.1.
One bit is embedded in 8-bits sample which absolute amplitude is zero.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com