This raises the possibility that women who are more likely to have low birthweight babies were less likely to participate in this study.
Children with asthma are more likely to have a family history of asthma, to be born to less wealthy and less well-educated parents, to be born earlier and at a lower birthweight and were less likely to be breastfed than the children without asthma.
Furthermore, normal birthweight infants with cerebral palsy were less likely to have a low Apgar score at birth than were low birthweight infants with cerebral palsy (28% v 71% had an Apgar score <9).
Similarly, the pooled estimates for birthweight less than 2500 g showed that the infants of Somali-born women were less likely to be of low birthweight than the receiving country-born comparison population infants, pooled odds ratio 0.89 (95% CI: 0.82 0.98).
For example, when compared to Whites, Samoans were less likely to have low birthweight infants whereas Native Hawaiians were more likely to have low birthweight infants.
The babies of women receiving management for borderline gestational diabetes were less likely to be macrosomic (birthweight >4000g) (three trials, 438 infants, RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.74) or large-for-gestational age (three trials, 438 infants, RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.66) when compared with those in the routine care group.
In the health card sample, children were less likely to be born with low birthweight if they were from the highest quintile of households compared to the middle quintile (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.92) or had mothers with over 12 years of education compared to 1 5 years of education (RR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.52,1.2).
Children were less likely to be born with low birthweight if they had mothers with over 12 years of education compared to 1 5 years of education with relative risk (RR) of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52, 1.2) in the card sample and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.84) in the recall sample.
Infants also benefited from combined interventions; they were less likely to be born of low birthweight and less likely to die during pregnancy or during the first seven days of life.
This US study, which also compared incarcerated pregnant women (n = 168) with women imprisoned at a time other than during their pregnancy, found that pregnant prisoners were less likely than prison controls to have low birthweight babies (adjusted OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32-0.93).
