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Both South Asians and black African-Caribbeans in the UK have lower mean birthweights and an increased prevalence of low birthweight compared with white Europeans [ 11].
Somali-born women were not more likely to give birth preterm or to give birth to infants of low birthweight compared with receiving country-born women.
Women sustaining OASIS gave birth to children with significantly higher mean birthweight compared with women with no such injuries (3764 versus 3377 g, P = 0.009).
Furthermore, a secondary analysis of the Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention trial reported that among 274 nulliparous women with preeclampsia, smoking did not act to further reduce infant birthweight, compared with non-smoking women [ 32].
Women reporting three or more stressful life events or social health issues had a twofold increase in odds of having a baby with a low birthweight compared with women reporting no social health issues.
In an earlier study of European, non-obese women, second trimester weight gain had a greater impact on birthweight than either first or third trimester gain [ 22]; each kilogram of weight gain during the second trimester was associated with a 32.8 g increase in birthweight, compared with 18.0 g/kg in the first trimester and 17.0 g/kg in the third.
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Women with extremely high or low birthweights compared with length of gestation were also excluded (n = 2193).
Women aged 14-17 yrs at the time of their second delivery had babies with significantly smaller birthweight compared to second births in adult women (adjusted difference = -80 g; [95% CI: -115, -46]).
As maternal and perinatal mortality were rare, no significant differences in mortality were found in the subgroups of infants with a birthweight greater than 4500 g, or the 97th birthweight percentile compared with the reference groups.
Smoking just before pregnancy had a stronger association with low birthweight, smokers having over 90% increased risk of low birthweight compared to non-smokers.
The objective of the study was to investigate the association between pregnancy complications and small for gestational age (SGA) birthweight, comparing SGA based on the customized growth potential with SGA based on the birthweight standard of the same population.
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