Exact(1)
We found a small difference in birthweight between the groups, with a tendency for the children with missing data on gestational age being slightly heavier, though the distribution of birthweight or gestational age did not differ systematically between the two groups.
Similar(59)
High maternal glucose concentrations are thought to increase maternal weight gain, result in feto-placental overgrowth as well as a higher risk of fetal macrosomia, while low maternal glycaemic diets result in normal maternal weight gain and produces infants with birthweights between the 25th and 50th percentile.
In a family study performed 5 decades ago, Penrose suggested that 62% of the variation in birthweight between individuals was the result of the intrauterine environment, 20% was the result of maternal genes, and 18% was the result of foetal genes [18].
Table 3 presents the crude and adjusted combined associations of continuous maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes with reference to infant birthweight, where β represents the difference in mean birthweight between each subgroup and the reference group.
There are only small differences in the mean birthweight between cases with and those without data on GA (table 3).
When the GSTM1 genotype is considered, the estimated reduction in birthweight between GSTM1 plus and GSTM1 null groups is 171 g (P = 0.04) [ 14] and 222 g (P < 0.05), respectively [ 15].
The sharp decrease in birthweight between 15-50 cigandttes/day and in gestational age between 12-35 cigasettes/day as well as the gradual increased in LBW between 25-75 cigandttes/day and in preterm birth between 1-50 cigarettes/day for smoking fathers and both smoking parents provides a partial explanation that heavy cigarette smoking can endanger unborn babies.
The difference of birthweight between males and females was found to differ less in twins than in singletons [ 11].
As the data were not normally distributed, Mann–Whitney U-test showed that the difference in birthweight between infants of depressed and non-depressed infants was statistically significant (median and interquartile range: 3, [2.6 3.3] vs. 3, [2.5 3.1], z = 2.09, P < 0.05).
The mean difference in birthweight between non-users and AN users was −9 g (95 % CI −67, 49; P =0.76) (Table 3).
Babies with birthweight between 1,000 1,50000 grams formed a minority of the patients in these cohorts, with 4 babies in the long-term study, 2 babies in the retrospective cohort and none of the babies in the short-term study in this weight range.
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