In addition, a modified gradient search β-fair scheduler algorithm, known as Generalized PF (GPF), will be included as it was found to be more attractive for scenarios with a birth-death traffic model in [20].
Due to the complexity of the system model and the various RRM elements involved, the corresponding performance is best evaluated via advanced system-level simulations under realistic multi-cell, multi-user conditions with dynamic birth-death traffic, using commonly accepted stochastic models and accurate representation of the many mechanisms that influence on the performance. .
We examined effect modification by median household income and maternal education for the association between birth weight and traffic and land use variables.
The independent variables were mother's age, mother's smoking during pregnancy (yes/no), household smoking during pregnancy (yes/no), mother's parity (nulliparous/multiparous), mother's education (primary/high school/TAFE/Tertiary), newborn gender, season of birth and the traffic measures (described below).
We excluded 5,536 births with missing traffic density exposure because of migration.
Observed associations between birth weight and traffic-related pollutants (i.e., NO2 and PM2.5 elemental carbon) during the final trimester of pregnancy suggest that traffic sources of pollution should be further investigated in relation to fetal growth.
Associations of proximity to traffic with birth weight [ 19] and with the risks of preterm birth [ 20- 23], small size for gestational age at birth [ 19, 20, 24], and low birth weight [ 20, 21, 24] have been suggested.
CI = confidence interval We found some potential confounding of the association between traffic and birth outcomes by socio-economic status.
We observed no associations between residential proximity to traffic and birth and pregnancy outcomes, also after controlling for potential confounders.
Although we observed a few significant associations between proximity to traffic and birth outcomes (Table 2), these could not be reproduced in sensitivity analyses when different categorizations and buffer radii for the traffic measures were chosen.
