*In 1995, the most recent year for which data has been compiled by the department, the infant mortality rate in Westchester (from birth to 1 year old) for whites was 3.1 per 1,000 live births, contrasted with 17.6 for blacks.
The validity of parents-reported birth weight data has been previously verified in a randomly selected subset of the Swedish-EYHS [ 22].
Low birth weight data has been collected since Survey 4. For each child, women were asked 'Did you experience any of the following?' with 'A low birth weight baby (weighing less than 2500 g or 5 ½ pounds)' listed as one of the pregnancy outcomes (yes/no).
Birth certificate data has been shown to provide reliable information on maternal demographics, pregnancy history, prenatal care, delivery method, birth outcomes, and health insurance but low to moderate reliability for maternal behaviors during pregnancy (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption), pregnancy/delivery complications, and medical conditions [ 26– 28].
In case of discrepancy or missing data in the cancer registry, the country of birth as available in the screening data has been used.
Our results rely on birth data submitted to Hospital Episode Statistics, and the quality of these data has been questioned.
In 2003, the National Centre for Health Statistics released its official count of births for 2002: the birth rate had fallen to the lowest level since national data have been available.
Names, dates of birth and user email addresses were accessed by hackers, but the company said it wasn't known if data had been exfiltrated.
The study represents the first time California birth records and CPS data have been linked to generate cumulative rather than annual rates of CPS involvement over several years.
We selected month of birth for randomization because one cannot choose the month of birth and these data had been recorded at the Government Registry Offices.
