Local anti-natalism is also supported by the judgment that wrongful birth, birth which wrongfully imposes undue risk and harm on a resulting child, is possible (Shiffrin 1999).
Study Design: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1980 through May 2001 using combinations of the following terms: twin, delivery, cesarean section, vaginal birth, birth weight, and gestational age.
Preterm birth (birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy), is the leading cause of death in babies.
In contrast, the sex ratio at birth, birth length and length of gestation did not show statistical differences.
Covariates included in the model were sex, gestational age at birth, birth weight, surfactant treatment, BPD diagnosis and durations of ventilator treatment, nCPAP treatment and supplemental O2.
In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the sex ratio at birth, birth length, length of gestation, or general characteristics of pregnant women (Table 2).
Risk at birth was defined by combining risk indices of children's gestational age at birth, birth weight, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.
The questionnaire also included date of birth, birth weight, and social status.
Outcome measures were spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, birth weight and Small for Gestational Age (SGA).
Information on pregnancy outcome include child status, still birth, birth weight and gestational age.
Analyses of preterm birth, birth weight for gestational age, and neonatal mortality excluded stillbirths.
