The properties of these highly ordered materials will be reviewed recalling their supramolecular arrangement and the corresponding patterns when visualised in polarised light microscopy (birefringence) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Here, the statistical variability of the oriented organization of collagen fibers along extensive areas (105 106 μm2) of 7-μm thick unstained sections of rat calcaneal tendons were studied by assessing their birefringence with polarization microscopy and image analysis, and the periodic frequency distribution in their birefringent images with the fast Fourier transform (FFT).
Peptides No. 6, 11 and 12 all showed typical amyloid appearance after staining with Congo red with a strong green birefringence at polarization microscopy.
Biopsy of a cervical lymph node showed amorphous materials that were salmon pink on Congo red staining, with apple green birefringence under polarized microscopy.
The definition of an edge was necessary because ferroelectric domains cannot be imaged through our 100-nm-thick films using either PEEM, birefringence, or piezoforce microscopy (PFM); and because thinner films show no stripe domains (Supporting Information Note 6).
The experimental methods include an asymmetric double cantilever beam in an optical microscope, and birefringence and atomic force microscopy of the crack faces.
In addition, relatively irregular packing of lamellar stacks with short lateral dimensions was detected in the as-prepared α″-form sPS, leading to the absence of spherulitic birefringence under polarized optical microscopy.
In the previous papers, we elucidated enhancement of concentration fluctuations, phase separation, and crystallization induced by steady state or step-up shear flow, as observed by shear small-angle light scattering, optical microscopy, and birefringence, for a semidilute solution of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene in paraffin as an athermal solvent.
Large numbers of polyethylene particles of varying size (identified by strong birefringence under polarized light microscopy) were distributed throughout the tissues.
