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Birds fed high tannin diets suffered from a severe decrease of growth compared with low tannin or control fed birds (Mahmood et al., 2006).
More developed gizzard is known to have beneficial effects on gut function and nutrient digestibility values (Svihus, 2011) which may explain the good performance relative to the breed objectives in the birds fed high SFM and RSM inclusion diets.
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Therefore, the H level of the insoluble NSP in RSM and SFM may explain the relative higher gizzard weight in the birds fed the high SFM and RSM inclusion diets.
It was found that birds fed a high (12,500 FTU) dosage of phytase grew faster (P < 0.001) and retained proportionally more carotenoids in the liver (P < 0.05) compared to birds fed unsupplemented diet.
Birds fed diets high in susceptible phytate had greater phytate hydrolysis in the gizzard (P < 0.001), jejunum (P < 0.001) and ileum (P < 0.001) and resulting greater body weight gain (BWG) (P = 0.015) and lower FCR (P = 0.003) than birds fed the low susceptible phytate diets, irrespective of phytase presence.
Birds fed the high susceptible diets also had greater P solubility in the gizzard and Ca and P solubility in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05) and resulting greater tibia and femur Ca and P (P < 0.05) content than those fed the low susceptible diets.
From d 1 to 40, birds fed CPD had a higher (P < 0.01) body weight (BW) than those fed MD.
Another animal experiment conducted to study the effect on intestinal microbiota, of the inclusion of grape pomace extracts in the diet of broiler chicks [ 65], found that, for the cecum, birds fed grape extracts had higher populations of E. coli, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus species than birds in any other treatment group.
Pepsin activity was higher in birds fed the diets supplemented with phytase (P < 0.001) and was greater (P = 0.031) in birds fed the high susceptible phytate diets compared with the low susceptible phytate diets.
Birds fed carotenoid-enriched diet had higher chroma than control birds.
Apparent organic matter digestibility was higher (P<0.05) in birds fed fermented-wet feed when compared to birds fed with dry and wet feed.
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