Sentence examples for bird inoculation from inspiring English sources

Most mice (37/42) presented with a relatively acute clinical syndrome following exposure to each isolate at doses of 107, 106 or 105 EID50 per 100 µl (single bird inoculation dose).

An infectious basis is supported by the observation that disease can be transferred to naive birds through inoculation with tissue homogenates or fecal material from affected birds (7 ).

Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and preinoculation serum samples were collected from these birds before inoculation to confirm that they were not actively infected with an AIV and were negative for serum antibodies to the type-specific A antigen and the H5 hemagglutinin.

Overall, the virus isolation rates were relatively low and appeared to be unrelated to bird age and inoculation route, though they were higher in 15- and 45-day-old birds inoculated IM on day 3 PI.

All birds inoculated with virus died or showed severe clinical signs and were euthanized within 7 days of inoculation, regardless of dose administered (Figure 1).

†One bird removed after inoculation because of concurrent disease.

Infected ducks could excrete infectious virus from the pharynx and/or cloaca for a short period, which varied with bird age or inoculation route; the longest period was about 7 days.

At day 21 (6 d post-infection), Line A and B birds that received inoculation with E. maxima showed a decreased (P<0.01) body weight as compared with A and B control birds, respectively (Figure 1).

After LPAI virus inoculation, birds were observed daily for behavior changes and/or the development of any clinical signs.

The susceptibility of mallards to NDV has been reported to be reduced substantially with increasing age, and the mortalities of infected birds differed with inoculation routes [ 28].

Second, it presents strategies designed to improve DNA vaccine efficacy: influence of the route of administration, plasmid dose and age of birds on their first inoculation; increasing plasmid uptake by host cells; addition of immunomodulators; optimization of plasmid backbones and codon usage; association of vaccine antigens and finally, heterologous prime-boost regimens.