Additionally, biological factors like predation, parasitism, and competition may be intensified as low summer flows lead to higher densities of individuals, and more frequent opportunities for biotic interactions, such as competition and predation (Power and others 1988).
Various abiotic and biotic processes such as sorption, dilution, and degradation are known to affect the fate of organic contaminants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons in saturated porous media.
The expression of OsAP77::GUS was examined under biotic stresses, such as fungal, bacterial or viral infection.
NTI and NRI metrics suggest permanent wetland communities are primarily structured by biotic interactions, such as competition and predation.
Peanut productions and yields are compromised by various biotic threats, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, aphids, and thrips as well as abiotic factors like drought, salinity, and temperature.
Some studies also suggested biotic factors such as viruses, fungi, and endolithic algae as the cause of GAs (see Weil et al. 2012).
In this study, we show that biotic factors such as antagonistic species can also influence the growth of the oil-eating microorganisms (see Figs. 4, 5).
We propose a hierarchy of controls on late-glacial plant communities, where biotic interactions such as megaherbivory mediate climate-driven vegetation change.
Sites differ according to various abiotic and biotic factors, such as climate, amount of rain, height above sea level, vegetation and wildlife.
Finally, we highlighted changes in growth form proportions over time that may result from biotic factors such as plant plant interactions.
