Sentence examples for biotic attack from inspiring English sources

Thus, humans have an effective enclosing barrier that provides protection against biotic attack.

In terms of that added value, these results suggest that the very act of tolerating pollution may provide willows with a secondary competitive advantage, facilitating high biomass yields challenging environments, through cross-tolerance against biotic attack.

These investigations suggest that a slow turnover of many photosynthetic proteins represent an adaptive consequence resulting in reduced energy supply when plants are facing a biotic attack and require to re-direct resources in immediate defence needs [ 27, 32, 33].

Peroxidases could have a function in defense of the floral abscission zone against biotic attack, either through a cell wall cross-linking activity (formation of lignin, extensin cross-links, dityrosine bonds; [ 5]) or by creating a highly toxic environment by producing ROS [ 34, 35], which results in adverse growth conditions for microorganisms.

These relate primarily to the domain architectures of NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat) protein receptors (see Glossary) that function in the detection of biotic attack, and the programmed cell death that occurs as a host defense response (Maekawa et al., 2011).

The same author explains that a larger proportion of sapwood is preferred in wood for pulp manufacture and preservative treatment, and heartwood is desirable in construction timber, high quality veneers and joinery because of its resistance to biotic attack and darker color.

These results showed the importance of both genes in responding to both abiotic and biotic attacks in A. malaccensis.

Also, site-specific conditions (e.g., depth to bedrock, aspect, and soil drainage) that limit whole-tree carbon balance may predispose trees to mortality under drought conditions and biotic attacks.

Plants employ a complex array of physical and chemical defense mechanisms to resist or evade biotic attacks.

This study provides valuable insight into how diverse attackers with different feeding strategies can interact indirectly, depending on the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of biotic attacks.

Predation is therefore a primary driving force in the evolution of insects, which survive biotic attacks among others by chemically based defense strategies, and an intriguing interspecific diversity in defense strategies is observed (e.g., [ 3- 5]).