Sentence examples for biotic agents such as from inspiring English sources
Abiotic factors, in particular the act of wounding, have been shown to be the main triggers of agarwood formation (Nobuchi and Mohd Hamami 2008) and this is naturally followed by infection from biotic agents such as fungi for trees in wild habitats (Mohamed et al. 2010; Mohamed et al. 2014b).
Though ISR is mainly elicited by and effective against pathogens, further biotic agents such as leaf-chewing herbivores, leaf miners, aphids and even non-pathogenic root-colonising bacteria can induce systemic pathogen resistance, while some ISR traits can have a defensive effect against herbivores.
In plant, it is known that photosynthetic genes are downregulated in infected or damaged leaf by biotic agents such as arthropods, fungi, bacteria and viral pathogens [ 32].
Next to abiotic stresses, ArathEULS3 gene expression was also upregulated by biotic agents such as infection with the fungus Botrytis cinerea and the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 and Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato avrRpm1 (Additional file 1: Figures S3C and S3D).
Biotic agents, such as less virulent pathogens, necrotizing pathogens, or even compounds of the plants' own signaling pathway, may be used to boost the resistance of crops to subsequent pathogen attack in an environmentally friendly manner (Walters and Daniell 2007; Jung et al. 2009).
Pain relief agents, such as parenteral opiates, or benzodiazepines may be required as adjunct agents.
Several works have demonstrated that a range of abiotic and biotic agents may favour russeting outbreak such as prolonged periods of high levels of surface moisture and humidity [ 8– 11], chemical applications [ 12, 13], mechanical wounding [ 14] and infection by pests or microorganisms [ 15– 17].
Various abiotic and biotic processes such as sorption, dilution, and degradation are known to affect the fate of organic contaminants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons in saturated porous media.
The expression of OsAP77::GUS was examined under biotic stresses, such as fungal, bacterial or viral infection.
NTI and NRI metrics suggest permanent wetland communities are primarily structured by biotic interactions, such as competition and predation.
Peanut productions and yields are compromised by various biotic threats, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, aphids, and thrips as well as abiotic factors like drought, salinity, and temperature.
