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All animals are infected with biotic agents.
Up to this point, diseases caused by biotic agents have been considered in terms of the role of the invader.
Most biotic agents require a portal of entry through the intact skin or mucosal linings of the body.
There are exceptions to this generalization, and a few biotic agents probably can penetrate intact mucosal surfaces.
It is one of the rare biotic agents that are capable of penetrating intact skin and mucosal linings of the body.
They can be used for new buildings or for the rehabilitation of old structural elements damaged by the attack of biotic agents or humidity.
Similar(29)
Our results indicate that aboveground herbivores are able to adapt to plant phenotypes induced by a belowground biotic agent.
Their reports contain the full description of the observed symptoms and, when applicable, the in situ identification of the biotic agent which is responsible for them.
Considering potential limitations in the application of a biotic agent to induce a desired state of enhanced plant stress protection, the use of chemical elicitors to mediate tolerance or resistance to biotic stress is increasingly receiving attention [ 11].
There is more evidence for beneficial diversity effects in relation to biotic disturbance agents (Bauhus et al., 2017a, b).
Phenolic compounds are used by plants in a several mechanisms of defense including osmoprotection, UV scavenging and activation of defense pathway against biotic harmful agents.
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