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Cinnamoyl-CoA esters, the precursors of monolignol biosynthesis, are generated by the general phenylpropanoid pathway and then converted into monolignols by two enzymes, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1 (CCR1) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase.

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Therefore, to reduce the PA content in seeds, transgenic rice plants targeting a later stage in PA biosynthesis were generated by silencing the IPK1 gene using the Ole 18 promoter in an RNAi-mediated approach.

Transgenic plants exhibiting an impaired JA biosynthesis were generated by the RNAi-mediated knock-down of the expression of the gene encoding AOC.

Didecarboxysiroheme, a common intermediate of heme and heme d1 biosynthesis, is generated by the decarboxylation of siroheme on the C12 and C18 acetyl groups [ 69].

Transgenic plants over-expressing rate-limiting enzymes in BR, GAs, and ABA biosynthesis were generated.

A proposed schematic pathway for phenylpropanoids and podophyllotoxin biosynthesis was generated.

Revenues are generated by transaction fees.

These compounds, which are generated by the coordinated action of lipases, lipoxygenases, and some cytochrome P450 enzymes, are key elements of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis.

In contrast, during growth on non-fermentable carbon sources the hexose phosphates required for cell wall biosynthesis must be generated by gluconeogenesis, an energetically demanding process.

Endogenous ceramide biosynthesis can also be generated by sphingomyelin hydrolysis by two kinds of sphingomyelinase: neutral and acid, which are inhibited respectively by glutathione (10 mM) and desipramine (1 μM).

Diversity is generated by biosynthesis and post-synthetic modifications to enable fine-tuning matched to local functional requirements.

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