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However, even this biometric trait can be frauded in some cases.
Blood vessels under skin surface have been used as a biometric trait for many years.
Recently, a new soft biometric trait, androgenic hair also called body hair, was evaluated.
However, it was believed that they are not a distinctive biometric trait because of the reported accuracy.
This progress has enabled current state-of-the-art biometric systems to accurately recognize individuals based on biometric trait(s) acquired under controlled environmental conditions from cooperative users.
However, most existing multi-biometric systems that use feature-level fusion assign each biometric trait an equal proportion when combining features from multiple sources.
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Based on the level of user involvement when capturing the biometric traits, biometrics can be further defined as either active or passive.
Examples of such situations include content-based retrieval from image or video databases, where the query image is the only sample at our disposal to define the object model, or biometrics where only one or a few biometric traits can be acquired during subject enrolment to create a reference template.
Besides the fact that subjects share biometric traits rather reluctantly, the common use of biometrics is often considered as a threat to privacy [209].
Fingerprints are among the most used biometric traits for identification.
In addition, fundamental questions such as the distinctiveness and persistence of biometric traits need greater attention.
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