Modification and characterization of biochar surface functional groups is a new way to improve or extend their catalytic application in biomass conversion and bio-oil upgrading.
The order Polyporales is a group of fungi comprising many wood-rotters, and therefore particularly important to the discovery of new and more efficient biocatalysts for applications in plant biomass conversion.
This heat-stable, 56,000 MW well-studied endoglucanase has been produced previously in different species of transgenic plants [ 11- 13], and is believed to have potential application for cellulose biomass conversion to sugars and use in biofuel production.
In the following steps, these fuel sources are converted mainly combusted to generate heat and power in stationary and mobile applications: Fig. 1 Biomass conversion pathways and related global bioenergy provision in 2012.
Sn-MFI zeolite is one kind of remarkable emerging solid Lewis acid catalyst with high stability in recent years, due to its wide application in the environmental-friendly biomass conversion and catalytic oxidation processes.
Industrial application of S. cerevisiae to plant biomass conversion will probably require co-consumption of multiple sugars derived from the plant cell wall, such as cellobiose and xylose [ 2, 13].
Furthermore, the potential applications of native and engineered multifunctional enzymes for biomass conversion technology are also reviewed.
Energy applications, including microbially produced biofuels and new processes for biomass conversion, are a good example.
Fungal genomics has applications in areas such as agriculture [ 22- 24], medicine [ 25, 26], biomass conversion [ 27, 28] and food/beverage production [ 29, 30].
Furthermore, the potential applications of native, engineered (chimeric and cell-surface displayed) and immobilized magnetic enzymes for biomass conversion technology are also reviewed.
