Total RNA was extracted from purified populations of two to three independent biologic replicates by using Qiagen RNeasy Micro Plus kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany).
Effect measure modification observed in stratified analyses was further evaluated for evidence of biologic interaction by using three standard measures 1, 2 to determine whether the independent effects of asthma and comorbidity summed to the total effect of both factors together.
Døhn and colleagues [ 57] examined 52 patients with erosive biologic-naïve RA by using MRI as well as other imaging during adalimumab/methotrexate combination therapy.
Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were determined in 32 adalimumab-treated patients, 16 etanercept-treated patients, 14 tocilizumab-treated patients, and 10 biologic-naïve patients by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PeproTech Inc., Rocky Hill, NJ, USA) in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer.
In some countries in Latin America, non-innovator biologics have been approved by using legislation in place for synthetic copies of brand compounds (that is, without comparative clinical studies with the innovator).
It would be useful to differentiate biologic characteristics and polymorphisms by using additional gene targets in human type I isolates and compare them with those in opossum, triatomine vectors, and rhesus macaque isolates from the United States.
All experiments were performed multiple times by using independent biologic replicates.
B. quintana was isolated from a bone marrow biopsy specimen, and the bacterium was identified by using molecular biologic methods.
A more accurate assessment of the relationship between tobacco use and HbA1c would be obtained by using a biologic marker for smoking, such as cotinine, the major proximate metabolite of nicotine.
Biologic confirmation of cases was obtained by using routine laboratory diagnoses, i.e., culture, PCR, or serology.
