Is threefold expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha really balanced biologically by threefold expression of interleukin-10?
Evidence from various balanced virus-host relationships illustrates that immunological specificity and memory may best be defined biologically and that the mature immune system does not discriminate between "self" and "nonself".
"It is perfectly balanced in proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals; it also contains various protective factors and biologically active substances.
In all cases, our results, shown in Table 8, suggest that ATP maximization is not biologically relevant: ATP balance was even larger than the ATP balance of the models where no LCFA was introduced in the TCA cycle (0%).
Biologically, this means that, in order to balance reducing equivalents and carbon metabolites simultaneously, the cell has to comply with substrate-specific ratios of CO2 release and biomass yield per substrate taken up.
"The peer pressure was hard to balance with this condition, socially and biologically," Liu, 44, told HuffPost.
Thus, balancing adult bycatch mortality with increases in other demographic rates is biologically difficult or impossible as these species exhibit extreme sensitivity to elevated mortality in older age classes [18] [21].
We introduce synaptic scaling to a biologically-realistic spiking model of neocortex which can learn changes in oscillatory rhythms using STDP, and show that scaling is necessary to balance both positive and negative changes in input from potentiation and atrophy.
Along this line, the ability of vasoinhibins to balance blood vessel growth, function, and involution could have contributed to PRL effects throughout vertebrate phylogeny and to its value as a biologically conserved factor (1, 20).
