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They possess biological temperature sensors that control heat production and switch on heat-loss mechanisms such as perspiration.
Accurate intracellular thermal reading calls for luminescent nanothermometer with high temperature sensitivity in biological temperature region.
As a consequence, a promising colorimetric up-conversion luminescent nanothermometer working in the biological temperature region (303 K–343 K) with ultra-high sensitivity and excellent signal discriminability is achieved.
However, the narrow energy spacing between the thermally coupled levels, which is subject to the Boltzmann population distribution rule, leads to low relative temperature sensitivity in biological temperature region as well as inferior signal discriminability.
In this paper, a temperature coefficient "θ" has been defined as the actual "intrinsic" biological temperature coefficient, similar to the corresponding coefficient that is usually adopted for the design of activated-sludge processes.
The actual biological temperature coefficient "θ", ranged between 1.086 and 1.109 (average value 1.098) under ammonia-limiting conditions, while under oxygen-limiting conditions was in the range 1.023 1.081 (average value 1.058).
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These molecules are completely water-insoluble and generally solid at biological temperatures.
Proteins at biological temperatures are 'glassy' in this sense they have complex energy landscapes, due to their large size, heterogeneous amino acid composition, and many degrees of conformational freedom (Frauenfelder et al., 1991).
When manipulating biological materials, temperature is a concern, as objects such as cells can die at temperatures above the physiological temperature of 37°C.
Takahashi, T. et al. Global sea air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects.
Takahashi, T. et al. Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects.
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