The effect of the compound and its parent was investigated in various biological systems including cell culture, yeast and streptozotocin (STZ -induced diabetic ratSTZ -induced
These networks have elucidated gene sets involved in varied biological systems including cell wall biosynthesis [ 13], mouse weight [ 18], and complex trait expression [ 19- 22].
Time series gene expression data have been widely applied to study a wide range of biological systems, including cell cycle [ 7], genetic interaction and knockouts [ 8, 9], and development [ 10].
Thus forces can be applied in a controlled manner to biological systems including cells and molecular motors and processes measured with high precision.
Current research problems in evolution-based biomolecular engineering will illustrate principles in the design of biomolecules (i.e. protein engineering, RNA/DNA engineering), metabolic pathways, signaling pathways, genetic circuits and complex biological systems including cells.
Since its adaptation (15), simultaneous fluorescence and AFM imaging has been used to study complex biological systems, including cells cultured on Petri dishes (16).
Apoptosis plays an essential role in a wide variety of different biological systems, including normal cell cycle, the immune system, embryonic development, morphologic change, and chemical-induced cell death [39].
Therefore, it was of interest to compare heating behaviors of these SPIONs in the MFG-1000 with results from an experimental MHS built in our laboratory that was designed to explore the magnetically induced hyperthermia effect on biological systems, including adherent cell lines and small animals such as mice and rats.
MicroRNAs have been proposed as candidates for regulating many aspects of neural stem cell biology, based on the functions of microRNAs in the control of developmental timing and cell fate specification in a number of biological systems, including stem cells (for reviews, see [1], [2]).
We found the determinants of PrPC cleavage to be invariant in many biological systems, including Npl cells derived from Prnp−/− mice [24], human HeLa cells, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and transgenic mice [14].
Advanced topics on the state-of-the-art in design and implementation of analytical processes for biological systems, including single-cell analysis, micro/nanotechnologies, systems biology, biomanufacturing, and process engineering.
