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Wallis, G. P. et al. Rapid biological speciation driven by tectonic evolution in New Zealand.
Hudson, E. J. & Price, T. D. Pervasive reinforcement and the role of sexual selection in biological speciation.
While physically based explanations of biological speciation are common (e.g., mountains separating a species can lead to speciation), less common is the inverse process examined: can a speciation event have significant influence on physical processes and patterns in a landscape?
From this perspective, the danger is the abrupt provocation of biological speciation which radical enhancements might provoke, if they created reproductive barriers between the enhanced and the unenhanced.
Phylogenesis is analogous to biological speciation, whereas ethnogenesis can be compared to the mixing of pure metals to create alloys, or the separation and recombination of river channels (Moore 1994).
The researchers applied the same mathematical models to language evolution that they previously used to show that biological speciation can occur in bursts (Science, 6 October 2006, p. 119).
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This model takes into account four kinds of biological events: speciation, gene duplication, gene transfer and gene loss.
For a biological species, speciation (species multiplication) also is not a way of its own salvation because the descendant species are not the exact copies of the ancestor.
There is undeniable overlap between what Oliver and Greene (2011) call "passive TE thrust," what Rose and Doolittle (1983) much earlier described as "molecular biological mechanisms of speciation" and Dobzhansky's still earlier model of "chromosomal speciation" (Dobzhansky 1935).
Epistatic effects have been observed in many fundamental biological processes like speciation [5], long-term selection in model organisms [6], and in loci associated with human diseases [7] [9].
Species within the Aphididae represent model systems to study basic and broad biological questions including speciation and adaptation [1], [2], modification of reproduction strategies [3], and commensal linkages with bacterial symbionts [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9].
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