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Today, the biological route accounts for only approximately 10% of worldwide acetic acid production, but it remains important for vinegar production.
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) can be produced via the biological route involving two enzymatic reactions: dehydration of glycerol to 3-hydroxypropanal (3-HPA) and then oxidation to 3-HP.
As the increasing demand from both chemical and fuel markets, the interest in producing n-butanol using biological route has been rejuvenated to engineer an economical fermentation process, competing with the currently-dominant chemical synthesis.
The present research provides a biological route to produce single-crystalline gold nanoplates with a wide variety of applications, and it also verifies that the interaction between protein/peptide and gold ions/surface may be used advantageously for green chemical synthesis of nanogold.
Furthermore, the review clearly demonstrates that the biological route to inorganic materials synthesis is not merely an addition to the existing list of synthesis routes; biological routes using 'unusual' microorganisms might in fact provide an edge over other nanomaterials synthesis routes in terms of their eco-friendliness, low energy intensiveness, and economically-viable synthesis.
It is proposed that silver nanoparticles synthesized by biological route is smaller than those synthesized chemically.
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Hydrogen production through biological routes is promising because they are environmentally friendly.
He also noted that the findings support LGBT rights by providing further evidence that sexual orientation has biological routes and that being gay is not a choice.
Computational tools can identify new biological routes to chemicals and the changes needed in host metabolism to improve chemical production.
Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have enabled the construction of novel biological routes to valuable chemicals using suitable microbial hosts.
The limited number of suitably well characterized biocatalysts continues to limit progress in the application of biological routes in the synthesis of compounds for novel pharmaceuticals, materials, or performance chemicals.
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